Class 




CoifyiightN" 



CilEXRICUI' DEPOSO^ 



1 



I 




H. A. SELLS 



HEALTH 



OF 



Horses, Cattle 
AND Swine 



sn 



By 

H. A. §ELLS 

of 

Weatherford, Oklahoma 






Copyrighted, 1916, by the author, 

H. A. SELLS, 

of Weatherford, Oklahoma 



t 



(1*'^'^ 



OCT 30 /9I6 



©CU446181 



Foreword 

The object of this book is to give information 
relative to the treatment of diseases that horses, cattle 
and swine are subject to and suffer from. Another pur- 
pose is to suggest eflf ective remedies for such maladies. 

In this book it is my intention to tell my own 
personal experience in connection with such stock and 
their aflflictions. This experience covers a period 
extending over more than fifty years. During that time 
I have been remarkably successful in combating and 
curing all such diseases as are curable. 

This fact and this experience entitle me, through 
this book, to proper credit. They should secure for 
this book the favorable consideration and attention it 
deserves. They should invest this book with great 
weight among those to be benefited by it. 

It particularly commends itself to the horseman, 
the farmer, and the stockman, and especially to raisers 
and breeders of horses, cattle and swine, for whose 
help it is purposely written and compiled. But it is 
of suif icient scope to be of general interest to all owners 
of such animals. 

One of my reasons for writing this book is that 
I intend to retire soon from treating diseases of domes- 
tic animals and I wish owners of such stock to have 
the benefit of my experience by perusal of my book. 
I will be glad, if its readers have any criticisms to make, 
or suggestions to offer, for them to write the author. 



CHAPTER I 

HORSES 
Their Anatomy — Their Susceptibility to Diseases — Dis- 
eases They Are Subject to — Remedies Applicable 
and Essential to Their Alleviation and Cure. 
Methods of Applying Cures. 

Ordinarily the frames and bones of horses, like 
those animals themselves, are strong. While this is 
generally speaking, true, and is a wise dispensation of 
nature, their assemblage and junction are both deU- 
cate and intricate. 

Approximately, there are two hundred ,sixteen 
bones in such animals, without including their teeth. 
It will not be necessary to separately enumerate 
them. They will be spoken of collectively according 
to their relations to different portions of the frame. 

Commencing with the head, the bones include 
the cranial ones encasing the brain. The brain is the 
seat of intelligence of this species of animal, which is 
great, ranking high with that of any of the domestic 
animals, wherefore the derivation of the term: ''Horse 
Sense." The upper part of the skull also contains the 
aggregation of bones encasing and protecting the 



6 The Heai^th of 

organs of hearing, sight, scent and breathing, while 
they, together with the lower, or jaw bone, form the 
opening for feeding. This aggregation of head bones 
directly connect with those forming the spinal system, 
which begins at the base of the brain. 

The spinal bones form a series of joints beginning 
at the head, extending along the neck, connecting at 
the shoulders with and extending along the back until 
they end at the tail. Directly expanding from them 
are the ribs, whose functions are to protect the stomach, 
lungs, heart and other vital organs. 

The two shoulder bones, or blades, the broadest 
of all of the horse's frame, form a foundation very 
helpful, a fulcrum for the draft lever, the collar, to 
which the harness traces are attached, the collar rest- 
ing directly above those two bones. They also form 
protection for the horse's chest, of which they are a 
shielding portion. 

The animal's front legs connect at the shoulder 
with the upper frame, extending downward, including, 
first, the fore arm; next, the arm; then the cup-capped 
knee; next, the shin or cannon; next, the two pasterns, 
upper and lower, connecting at the coffin joint with 
the foot or hoof. 

The bones of the hind legs commence with the 
hip, include the pelvic, the thighbone connecting at 
the stifle with the long bone extending through the 
gaskin or lower thigh to the hock joint. There the 
junction is made with the hind shin, or cannon, and 



Horses^ Cattle and Swine 7 

major and minor pasterns and coffin joint bones, cor- 
responding with such bones of the front legs and con- 
cluding at and connecting with the hoofs, or hind feet. 

VITAL ORGANS 

The vital organs of the horse commence with 
the brain, nostrils and tongue, whose seats are in the 
head. The brain extends throughout and forms the 
matter of the spinal canal. 

The heart is the vital organ whose function is to 
pump and distribute the blood through the arteries and 
veins, keeping it in circulation. 

Also indispensable to the animal's existence is its 
lungs, or breathing apparatus, which takes in and lets 
out the air necessary to life. 

Of greatest importance is the feeding, or alimen- 
tary system, a mechanism commencing with the masti- 
cation in the mouth, by means of the teeth, extending 
along the tongue on through the neck, or throat, and 
through the stomach and intestines to final evacuation 
and expulsion at the anus. 

In the horse there are two large intestines and 
many smaller ones. There are three stomachs, which 
latter, together with the intestines, aggregate in length 
approximately one hundred and twelve feet. In the 
ordinary acceptance of the term, the horse has no 
paunch. 

The other organs are the liver, kidneys, bladder, 
genital organs and spleen. The function of the liver is 



8 The: He:ai.th of 

to aid in the digestive process, which is also the func- 
tion of the kidneys, which hkewise aid in separation 
and straining the water from the sohds, the spleen aid- 
ing those organs. They all three aid in carrying it to 
the bladder, whose function is to secrete and contain 
the water in the form of urine until necessary to dis- 
charge it, which is done through the passage through 
one portion of the genital organs. The function of 
the latter is the breeding of the horse species. 



Horses, Catti^e and Swine 



CHAPTER II 

DISEASES OF THE HORSE FAMILY 

The diseases to which the horse family is sub- 
ject are very many. In this work only the principal, 
or most serious ones, will be mentioned. After men- 
tion of such disease, the remedies and methods of 
treatment will be given. 

Azoturia — This is a species of paralysis, particu- 
larly of the limbs, which usually appears after the horse 
has gone back to work and is worked violently after 
having rested for some time. In the very midst of its 
great activity the animal is suddenly stricken, the dis- 
ease immediately rendering it entirely helpless. It 
falls and is unable to rise and can not move its head, 
its limbs, or tail. 

It can eat or drink, however, when it has been 
raised or relieved so as to enable it to rise. To cause 
him to rise and stand, give him as a drench, one-half 
an ounce of tincture of opium, one-half a dram of 
extract of belladonna, and one ounce of sweet spirits of 
nitre in half a pint of water. Immediately after ad- 
ministering this dose and without waiting for its effect 
to be produced, it is necessary to rub thoroughly and 
vigorously externally his spine to his hips and across 



10 The: Health oi^ 

his coupling with a liniment formed of one-half an 
ounce of corrosive sublimate, four ounces of spirits of 
camphor, and the balance of a suflficiency of turpentine 
to form a pint. The desired effect is generally secured 
in twenty minutes. 

If it is impossible to form that kind of liniment, 
whose elements can be secured at a drug store, then 
a substitute can be applied, it being four ounces of 
ground mustard mixed with the balance of a quart of 
turpentine. It must be thoroughly mixed, which is best 
done in a bottle. It should be applied as directed for 
the first mentioned liniment and also underneath the 
fetlocks, back of the shoulders and to the front portion 
of the chest. 

If, after regaining his standing posture, he should 
sink down again, permit him to lie quietly for a while, 
and as long as he is quiet. If he shows restlessness 
repeat which ever of these two liniments is available. 
If the disease is discovered before the horse is down, 
the remedies indicated will prevent his getting down. 
Before being worked again, the animal should be rested 
from three to five days. A week's rest is preferable. 
It should be worked gradually and not violently. 

Abortion — This is the expulsion of the offspring 
artificially, where it is necessary to save the life of the 
female. Most veterinarians confound and confuse it 
with involuntary miscarriage. It is seldom necessary 
to produce abortion. When it is, the owner of the 
animal should never attempt to do so, but should send 
for a veterinarian, a graduate medical and surgical prac- 
titioner. 



Horses, Cattle and Swine 11 

Miscarriages are apt to repeat at the similar period 
of gestation. They can be prevented by giving in 
feed, once a day for five successive days, one teacup 
full of raw flour. 

Of course, it will be impossible to prevent miscar- 
riages resultant from injury of the mare and attempts 
to do so will invariably result in her death. There- 
fore, such attempts should not be made. In all cases, 
either of abortion or miscarriage, the animal should be 
thoroughly sterilized and cleansed by washing out the 
genital parts. For such purpose an excellent remedy 
is zinc sulphate in the proportion of one ounce to two 
gallons of water. Another is Pearson's CreoHne, one 
dram in one gallon of water. After natural foaling 
either or both of these aseptics are very serviceable. 
They frequently avert blood poisoning. 

Birth — To complete natural birth where a mare 
has commenced to expel her foal and its escape is 
retarded by cessation of labor pains, they can be re- 
stored and labor continued until birth is completed to 
final delivery of the colt. 

To enable this result to be accomplished, give her 
two ounces of fluid extract of ergot in half a pint of 
water as a drench. 

Bleeding — This results from accidental injury or 
disease. The hemorrhage may be accidental, incident 
to disease or produced voluntarily for remedial pur- 
poses. In all cases it must be stopped. Most bleeding 
of accidental character is occasioned by cutting an 



12 The Heai^th of 

artery or vein, which must be stopped as soon as pos- 
sible. Where such instrument can be secured, arterial 
forcepts should be used to catch and hold the artery 
until it has been securely tied. If not, other pressure is 
to be exerted and a curved, or surgical needle should be 
put under the artery so as to enable the thread through 
the needle to be drawn around the artery and tied. 
The needle should be threaded with either silk thread 
or cat gut. The surgeon's method of tying is excellent. 
Each end of the thread is wrapped under twice and 
drawn sufficiently taut. Although there is no knot the 
thread will not slip if the loop has been properly made, 
but the artery can be tied with any convenient and 
simple knot familiar to the person arresting the flow 
of blood. A cork may be used, pressed and kept 
pressed against the artery by means of a bandage if the 
injury is located where bandaging can be done. A 
cork of suitable size is to be so used. 

If one is in readiness, a hot iron is very serviceable 
for arresting hemorrhage, but no one should wait to 
heat an iron. Pressure should be constantly and con- 
tinuously exerted until the wound is tied, where tying 
is possible, or until the flow has otherwise been stopped. 
After the blood has stopped flowing, Mensol's solution 
of iron is an excellent remedy to apply to the wound, 
which should be washed and thoroughly cleansed and 
sterilized. 

Bleeding caused by barbed, or other kinds of 
wire, cutting arteries of animals, is often very serious in 
results. All such injuries, if not given timely atten- 
tion, are apt to result fatally. After the bleeding has 



Horses, Catti^e and Swine 13 

been stopped and the wounds cleansed and sterilized, 
Sells' Liniment should be applied. This remedy of mine 
consists of one ounce of corrosive sublimate, two ounces 
of gum camphor, two ounces of oil of amber and tur- 
pentine to make a quart. It is to be hghtly applied with 
a feather on the wound. Care should be taken to keep 
it from getting on the animal's hair or over any con- 
siderable area of the flesh. 

This remedy is an excellent one also for what 
is known as Water Farcy, or swelling under the belly. 
It is also a good one for all cut wounds and an excel- 
lent one for preventing blood poisoning. 

Bloating — This is another disease common to 
horses. It is generally caused by change of food, im- 
proper digestion and other causes. In all such cases, 
where it is impossible to give immediate relief, it is 
necessary to tap the animal, which is to be done with a 
trocar. It should be done on its right side, high up on 
the flank opposite the lower point of and midway be- 
tween the hip bone and the last rib in the line of hair 
division. A very small cut through the skin should be 
made with a knife or lancet blade point and only large 
enough to admit the trocar needle point. The trocar 
needle and its tube should be pushed through the skin 
and into the animal until it reaches the air bloat. Then 
the needle of the trocar should be withdrawn and the 
tube left in the puncture. Through the trocar tube the 
air will escape very rapidly. It may be necessary to 
repeat the tapping process, and at frequent intervals if 
the gas forms rapidly. Tapping, properly done, is not 
a dangerous remedy, but is a life-saving one. 



14 The Health oe 

Bloating is one of the results of flatulent colic, 
which causes the sufferer restlessness and makes it roll 
considerably, and get up and down frequently. The 
treatment is my drench of one ounce of chloral hydrate 
and one ounce of sweet spirits of nitre, in one-half pint 
of water. If necessary repeat after an interval of an 
hour. 

Where the first remedy is not at hand, a substi- 
tute can be made of sulphuric ether, two ounces; chloro- 
form, half an ounce; sweet spirits of nitre, one ounce, 
and one ounce of tincture of Jamaica ginger in a pint 
of water, and also used as a drench. 

Impaction of the stomach also causes bloating. 
Its principal cause is improper digestion. The cure is 
two ounces of fluid extract of aloes, one ounce of rhu- 
barb extract, one ounce of fluid extract of buchu and 
one of fluid extract of dandelion, or the same quantity 
of sweet spirits of nitre, in a pint of water administered 
as a drench. It rarely has to be repeated, but if repeti- 
tion is necessary only half of the quantity of the first 
dose should be given and not until an interval of at least 
eight hours after giving the first dose has elapsed, and 
not then, if the horse is easy. In all cases inject in the 
rectum from one to two gallons of soap-suds, or warm 
salt water. 

Colic, caused by indigestion, is another cause of 
bloating. This kind of colic often is the result of 
faulty food mastication, or by decayed teeth. The ani- 
mal so affected usually shows its presence by pawing, 
rolling and frequently looking around at its sides. 



Horses, Catti^k and Swink 15 

The treatment is one ounce of extract of aloes, two 
drams of extract of gamboge, one ounce of fluid 
extract of rhubarb and one and one-half ounces of 
sweet spirits of nitre, in half a pint of water given as a 
drench. Where the animal is suffering excessively also 
give him internally one ounce of chloral hydrate in half 
a pint of water as a drench. This should be fol- 
lowed by an injection consisting of one gallon of warm 
water soap-suds, which is to be repeated as often as 
necessary. 

Bone Spavin — This is a leakage of the hock joint. 
It is located on the forepart of that joint, usually, and 
the lower part of the inside of the leg. Generally it 
is caused by a strain. If taken in hand in its early 
stages, it is curable. But it can not be eradicated after it 
becomes hardened. Then it can only be temporarily 
alleviated. The treatment is a liniment blister of my 
own. It is composed of equal parts of croton oil, aqua 
ammonia and spirits of turpentine sufficient to form a 
one-ounce aggregation. The limb below the spavin all 
the way to the hoof, must be greased with hog's lard. 
That portion of the leg should be thoroughly saturated 
with the grease to prevent the uninjured portion of the 
limb from being blistered and the hair removed by the 
liniment, which will run down the leg. This liniment 
is to be applied once a day for three successive days. 
The spavin, after the third day, should be kept greased 
until it heals. If necessary, the remedy should be re- 
peated. The greasing should be kept up, both until 
the desired results are secured. 

A second remedy is a salve or ointment, consisting 
of one-half ounce of corrosive sublimate, half an ounce 



16 The Health o^ 

of pulverized cantharides, one dram of resublimed 
iodine, mixed in two ounces of lard, thoroughly, and 
permitted to stand for twelve hours before using. It is 
to be used like the first remedy. 

Bog Spavin. Both of these remedies are applic- 
able to and effective in the treatment of Bog Spavin, 
which is located in the front portion of the hock joint, 
and slightly to its inside. It does not as frequently 
nor to as great extent cause lameness as bone spavin 
does. It also is caused by a sprain from slipping, pulling, 
or in other ways. The lower limb in this malady 
should also be greased as indicated with reference to 
bone spavin. To keep the animal from licking the 
smarting surface, its head should be tied short. Its 
opposite lower limb also should be similarly greased to 
prevent injury by contact with the spavined leg and 
higher up. 

Blood Spavin or Thorough-Pin — This is a leakage 
at the upper part of the hock joint and also caused by 
strain. The same treatment for bone spavin and bog 
spavin is applicable and excellent for treating blood 
spavin or thorough-pin. 

The same remedy is also very efficient in the treat- 
ment of side-bone, splint and curb. 

Ring Bone — This is another bone disease. It 
forms a ridge running either completely or nearly 
around and just above the hoof and into the hair below 
the ankle joint. It is always on the front and sides of 
that locality of the leg. It is caused, usually, by leav- 



Horses, Cattle and Swine 17 

ing the shoes on too long, which makes the foot con- 
tract, forming what is termed "Narrow Heel." Before 
applying the treatment, the hair should be shaved from 
the surface covering the ring-bone, and the hoof below 
should be thickly coated, preferably with oil of tar, or 
other suitable oleaginous thick substance. The remedy 
for this disease is the same as used for Bone Spavin, 
Blood Spavin, or Thorough-pin and Bog Spavin. The 
remedy is to be applied once daily for three successive 
days. After this the sore should be kept greased until 
it is ascertained whether a cure has been effected. If 
this has not resulted, the remedy should be repeated at 
the intervals indicated until the aifected part is cured. 

Side-Bone — This is a disease similar to the other 
bony formations hitherto mentioned. It forms on the 
lower portion of the pastern bone. It is a bony growth 
that does not extend to the front or rear of the limb, 
such being its only diflference from Ring-Bone. Side- 
Bone and ring-bones, both form on either the front 
or hind legs. The same medicine used for Ring-Bone 
is of the same service and benefit in the treatment of 
Side-Bone. It is administered in exactly the same way, 
the ingredients being identical. 

Curb — This is a leakage of the lower hock joint, 
causing enlargement of that joint at its rear. It results 
from strain while pulling or slipping, or from other in- 
jury. It is treated with the same remedies of identical 
ingredients and proportions of them as those applied to 
the treatment of ring-bone and side-bone. 

Splints — This is another bone disease. It is a 
growth on the bone below the knee on the inside of 



18 The Heai^th of 

the front leg. Generally this disease results from hard 
driving on hard roads, or so riding over such high- 
ways. The growth is at first gristly and easily removed 
in such incipiency. It becomes bony if neglected, and 
then much more difficult to eradicate. The method of 
treatment is exactly similar to that of ring-bone and 
side-bone, only requiring a smaller quantity. A second, 
or substitute remedy, for either Splints, Curb, Ring and 
Side-Bones, Bog Spavin or Thorough-Pin is a similar 
blister of equal parts of aqua ammonia, croton oil and 
spirits of turpentine. It, however, should be com- 
pounded in smaller amounts not to exceed an ounce in 
the aggregate. It is to be applied in manner similar 
to the ointments aforementioned. 

Blind Staggers — This disease is caused by the ani- 
mal eating rotten corn, mouldy, musty, dusty, or other 
unwholesome food, or inhaling dust or anything that 
obstructs the ducts of the eye canal connection with 
the brain. It is a disease that affects the spinal system. 
There are two sorts of staggers: Blind Staggers and 
Sleepy Staggers. The latter kind, also caused from 
stomach troubles, is both a stomach and a spinal dis- 
ease, although the animal afflicted with the latter is 
not in so much pain as the one afflicted with the Blind 
Staggers. 

Sufferers from Blind Staggers become very rest- 
less. They are unable to see. If untied and outside 
they walk around in a circle. Being crazed they go 
through a fence or over any object they encounter. 
They are quite hard to hold and to drench. When the 
head is held up the afflicted animal becomes spasmodic, 



HORSKS, CATTI.E AND SwiNE 19 

this condition being produced by the water going over 
the brain. The treatment for Blind Staggers is a drench 
composed of one ounce of tincture of opium, one ounce 
of sulphuric ether, one ounce of fluid extract of buchu, 
one ounce of sweet spirits of nitre and one dram of 
extract of belladonna, all put in water sufficient to 
make a pint to be used as a drench. Before applying this 
remedy use my own, called "Sells' Blind Staggers Pre- 
ventive and Cure." It consists of two drams of chloral 
hydrate in eight ounces of aqua ammonia. It is to be 
injected into the nostrils and is to be repeated until the 
desired effect, that of opening the ducts from eyes to 
brain is secured. This is generally within from five to 
ten minutes. If not effected within ten minutes repeat 
this nose injection until these ducts are opened. 

Both the aforementioned remedies must be given 
before a third, which is necessary, and which is to be 
given after the drench has been successfully adminis- 
tered. Its purpose is to open the bowels, which are 
likely to constipate by the influence of the opium ele- 
ment of it. This third remedy consists of two ounces 
of either fluid extract or powdered aloes in a pint of 
water and internally administered. If no aloes are avail- 
able give internally a quart of either malted raw lard 
or linseed oil. 

As a preventive of blind staggers my remedy, an 
injection into the nostrils, is composed of four drams 
of chloral hydrate to one pint of aqua ammonia, colored 
with a few drops of fruit coloring, preferably cherry. 
The coloring is not for remedial purpose but to make 
the medicine of distinctive color, so as not to be con- 



20 The Heai^th oi^ 

founded with other medicines. It shows also when 
the medicine is weakening by the evaporation of the 
ammonia, as it will by being allowed to sit on the 
shelf too long. To use the remedy, which is to be used 
at any time, especially in the fall, when the horse is 
most apt to get into dusty and musty feed, it should 
be injected into the nostrils, half a dram into each nos- 
tril, about every two weeks. Besides blind staggers this 
remedy is used as a cure for distemper and a preventive 
of it, by injecting it into the noses of other horses that 
have been with distempered horses and before they 
have developed the disease. It also is effective in Pink- 
eye and Shipping Fever, both for cure and prevention. 
It can be used to open any stoppage of any head pas- 
sage. The results are manifested within five minutes. 
It is to be repeated when necessary. 

Sleepy Staggers — Horses affected by this malady 
stand sluggishly still, their heads drooping down, show- 
ing them to be in an inert or sleepy condition. They do 
not move unless forced to. The treatment of this dis- 
ease is similar in remedies to that indicated in Blind 
Staggers, except that the opium, or narcotic element is 
to be omitted, the animal being sufficiently quiet with- 
out requiring an opiate in its drench. 

Blood Poison — For blood poison caused by cuts, 
use Sells' liniment, composed of one ounce of corrosive 
sublimate, two ounces of gum camphor and two ounces 
of oil of amber in spirits of turpentine sufficient to make 
a quart, applying it to the infected part by the most con- 
venient method, as often as necessary. 



I 
1 



HoRSKS, Cattle and Swine: 21 

Catarrh of the Womb — This is a disease common 
to mares. It not only obstructs the vaginal passage, 
but frequently prevents breeding. If not cured in time 
it will cause the animal to become barren. The treat- 
ment, which is an injection, must be carried all the way 
into the womb cavity. To effect this the hand of the 
person administering the remedy must be greased with 
olive oil and belladonna. The hand, with the fingers 
and thumb extended and carrying the tube of the pump 
sending the remedy to the womb, must be gently moved 
along the vaginal passage until the anterior, or upper 
end of the womb is reached. It will then be necessary 
to expand the neck of the womb, first with one and then 
another finger until the tube can be carried into the 
cavity of the womb and the end of it held there until 
the remedy is pumped into it. The remedy consists of 
one ounce of sulphate of zinc in one gallon of luke 
warm water. If necessary this can be repeated after 
the mare has again been served by the stallion without 
becoming pregnant. She should not, however, be 
served until ten days have expired after application of 
this remedy. 

This remedy also aids the regularity of the milk 
flow after the mare has foaled. It stops the fever or 
inflammation. 

Choking — With horses, choking results from dif- 
ferent causes, most frequently lodging of oats, corn-cob, 
hay, or other object in the throat. Relief is best 
obtained by causing the animal itself to create the 
necessary friction. To secure such accomplishment 
take two ounces of ground mustard, mixed with enough 



22 The Health of 

spirits of turpentine to make a pint. Rub this first at 
the hollow where the chest and neck join. Then rub 
on the chest back of the front legs, on the fetlocks of 
those legs and on the back and coupling. The horse 
should be tied away from solid food. He should be 
hitched where he can get all the water he desires. Water 
is greatly essential for loosening and dislodging the 
obstruction. The remedy administered, as mentioned, 
generally will cause the horse to exercise so as to make 
the obstructing object detach and pass onward, espe- 
cially with the aid of the water. Absolutely, the animal 
must not have any food until relieved, especially forage 
or rough food. The owner or person treating the ani- 
mal is particularly warned against rubbing the throat 
or neck of the animal, except as directed in adminis- 
tering the remedy, because rubbing only aggravates 
the soreness and inflammation in the throat, which will 
cause the obstructive object to be held firmer where 
lodged. No attempt at use of a probang should be 
restorted to and no other artificial means of pushing 
the object inward. A drench, however, of half a dozen 
raw eggs, or half a pint of raw lard can and will be 
beneficially applied after the external remedy has been 
administered, or even before. 

The animal should be kept for five or seven 
days from dry food, and only given soft nourishment, 
such as gruel, slops or other liquid. The reason for 
this is because the interior of the throat will be sore for 
some time. 

Colic — Spasmodic colic, which is generally caused 
by over-eating, being worked too violently, or other- 



HoRSKS, Cattle and Swinx 23 

wise over exerted, is another disease in which the 
animal has very frequent pains, with short intervals 
of ease. While so suffering he is very convulsive and 
restless. The cure for this affliction is half an ounce 
of tincture of Jamaica ginger and one ounce of sweet 
spirits of nitre, half an ounce of tincture of opium, 
and an ounce of sulphuric ether, in a pint of water. 
It is to be given as a drench and if necessary to be 
repeated in an hour. The substitute remedy for this, 
where the aforesaid remedies are not at hand, is one 
ounce of chloral hydrate, half an ounce of Jamaica 
ginger, and one ounce of sweet spirits of nitre in a 
pint of water, as a drench and repeated in an hour, if 
necessary. 

Colic — Another kind of colic is a poisoning occa- 
sioned by the animal eating frosted Kaffir corn, or 
sorghum, a disease in some localities quite frequent. 
The symptoms are: The animal at first has but slight 
pain that increases; it also is slightly bloated at first, 
the bloading inrreasing, if relief is not obtained early; 
there is inflammation of the stomach and considerable 
scouring. My treatment is two ounces of tincture of 
opium in a half pint of water given as a drench. It is 
to be followed up with two ounces of sub nitrate of 
bismuth in a pint of water, also given as a drench and 
administered half an hour after the first remedy is 
taken. If these two remedies do not control the case, 
or stop the scouring, use two ounces of powdered white 
or red oak bark, put in one quart of hot water and 
steeped slowly for thirty minutes, after which strain 
off the fluid, let it cool and use as drenches in one pint 
doses, three hours apart. This latter remedy should 



24 The: Health of 

be repeated until the animal is relieved and the scour- 
ing stopped. 

Antidotes for poison. If the poison is occasioned 
by aconite, give as a drench one quart of strong coflfee. 
If the poison is from weeds or cane, gave ammonia 
diluted in water, two ounces as a drench. Six or eight 
raw eggs, and one quart of raw lard, either to be used 
as a drench, are both good remedies for such poisons. 

Corns or Quittors — These are bruises on the bot- 
toms of the feet. They are usually caused by faulty 
shoes, or other means. They are usually at first red 
but pressure enough on them will aggravate them until 
they become sores. They are very painful to the horse. 
Treat them with applications of from five to ten drops 
of butter of antimony directly on the affected spots. 
Applications may have to be repeated several times. 
Follow up with the hoof liniment mentioned in connec- 
tion with Thrush, applying it to the bottom of the 
affected foot until the corns, or quittors, disappear, as 
they will usually do within about a dozen days. 

Cords and Muscles — After track horses have raced 
or exercised violently they have excited and made 
sore their muscles, or cords. Other horses also, after 
running or trotting, or pacing rapidly for any consider- 
able distance, have made their cords sore. The very 
best remedy is my own liniment, which is composed of 
one ounce of oil of sassafras, one ounce of tincture of 
aconite, one-half an ounce of oil of hemlock, one-half 
an ounce of oil of cedar, one-half an ounce of oil of 
origanum, one ounce of spirits of camphor, half an 



Horses, Cattle and Swine 25 

ounce of tincture of myrrh, half an ounce of spirits of 
turpentine and one-half an ounce of chloroform thor- 
oughly mixed in one quart of grain alcohol. Be sure not 
to use wood alcohol. One ounce of this hniment 
should be used in one quart of warm water, which 
should be applied to the legs of the race, or other 
horse. 

A good liniment for the nerves and muscles is one 
ounce of crude carbolic acid, one ounce of benzine, two 
drams of oil of tar, two drams of oil of spike, one ounce 
of spirits of camphor, one ounce of tincture of capsicum 
mixed in one pint of spirits of turpentine. When mixed 
it is ready for immediate use. This liniment is also 
an excellent remedy for rheumatism, rubbed on the 
affected parts. 

Canker of the mouth, or soreness of the tongue or 
mouth. This is caused by the animal eating frozen 
Kaffir corn or other frosted food, or by holding frozen 
bits in the mouth. The treatment is to take equal parts 
of pulverized alum and borax, mix them and give doses 
of a teaspoonful in feed night and morning until the 
soreness is cured. 

Condition Powders. General condition powders 
for purifying the blood consist of my own remedy's in- 
gredients, which are two ounces of iodide of potas- 
sium, two ounces of subcarbonate of iron, two ounces 
of powdered aconite root, two ounces of fenugreek, 
two ounces of nux vomica, two ounces of saltpeter, two 
ounces of ginger root and two pounds of flax seed meal, 



26 The HEAI.TH OF 

well mixed and given in one tablespoonful doses in 
feed night and morning. 

Condition Powders — Condition powders for kid- 
ney troubles. My remedy is two ounces of Buchu 
leaves, four ounces of ground juniper berries, one ounce" 
of saltpeter, two ounces of sub carbonate of iron and 
one pound of flax seed meal. Mix well and give in 
tablespoonful doses in feed three times a day until fed 
out. 

Cuts — Cuts caused by barbed or other wire, or any 
other cuts accidental or otherwise, should be treated 
with Sells' liniment, composed of one ounce of cor- 
rosive sublimate, two ounces of gum camphor and two 
ounces of oil of amber mixed with spirits of turpentine 
sufficient to make a quart. It" is to be lightly applied on 
the cut with a feather, so that the remedy will not run 
down on the surface below. 

Disinfection or sterilizing of all wounds is best 
done with one ounce of zinc sulphate to one quart of 
water, washing the wound twice a day. 

Another which is both a disinfectant as well as 
a healing agency, is Pearson's Creoline, two drams to 
one quart of water. It is applicable both as a wash 
or an injection into a wound. 

Another sterilizing wash is composed of permanga- 
nate of potassium, one ounce to a quart of water. It 
is to be used on the wound. 



HoRSEis^ Cattle: and Swine 27 

Dislocation of the stifle cap. A disease that has 
been caused by the animal slipping or straining, or by 
some other cause, is best treated with the same lini- 
ment used for cuts of barbed wire or other cuts. It 
should be applied on the dislocated cap with the hand 
daily until a cure is affected. To prevent injury to the 
hair the parts should be greased. 

Distemper — Horses of both sexes and all ages are 
subject to distemper, which is a contagious or infectious 
disease. An animal afflicted with it infects the troughs 
for food and water and other horses using them become 
infected with it. It can be, and often is, carried in the 
clothing of those attending the afflicted animal. The 
disease produces a swelling of the neck and glands. 
It generally affects the head, particularly the nose, eyes 
and throat. It produces hard breathing and strangula- 
tion. Mucous runs from the nostrils and water from 
the eyes. Often considerable fever is a characteristic 
The first relief desirable to be obtained is opening of 
the obstructed ducts from the eye to the brain and from 
the nostril to that organ. To obtain this first relief I 
especially commend my own exclusive prescription, 
Sells' Distemper Cure and Preventive. Its elements are 
two drams of hydro chloral and eight ounces of aqua 
ammonia, a half a dram of which combination should 
be injected into each nostril with a syringe of one dram 
capacity. This treatment is to be repeated at neces- 
sary intervals until the desired relief is secured. 

In the event that the glands and throat are greatly 
inflamed and sore seriously, it will be necessary to use 
a liniment of mine, which is made of one-half an ounce 



28 The Heai^th op 

of croton oil, three ounces of olive oil, three ounces 
of aqua ammonia and an ounce and a half of spirits 
of turpentine to make the contents of an eight ounce 
bottle. This is to be applied, if necessary, under the 
throat and glands. Resultant fever should be allayed 
with from ten, and not to exceed twenty, drops of tinc- 
ture of aconite. By all means do not either smoke or 
steam under the nostrils of the aflfected animal, which 
has been a most mistaken practice. If possible keep 
the horse from dampness and inclement weather ex- 
posure. Give only soft or green food. Separate the 
horse until it recovers so that other animals may not 
become infected from association with it. 

DISEASES OF THE EYE 

Pink Eye — One of the most frequent maladies to 
which the horse is subject is what is termed "Pink 
Eye." It is a contagious disease and becomes epidemic 
where many horses come in contact with it or are 
shipped in cars where animals so afflicted have pre- 
viously been transported. It originates from a cold 
and is contracted in many ways. It is invariably accom- 
panied by fever. It affects the eye in particular and 
the head, spine and kidneys. It causes the eyes to 
water and it blinds the animal while suffering from it. 
It also produces soreness of the throat. The first rem- 
edy to be applied as a drench, is composed of three 
drams of iodide of potassium, one dram of sweet spirits 
of nitre and one-half of a dram of tincture of bella- 
donna in half a pint of water. The next is to allay 
the fever by giving from ten to twenty drops of tincture 
of aconite, which is to be administered on the tongue. 



Horses, Cattle and Swine 29 

To open the ducts of the eye and brain I use my own 
patented medicine: Sells' Bhnd Staggers Cure and Pre- 
ventive. It is compounded in eight-ounce aggregations, 
the proportions being two drams of chloral hydrate to 
the balance of the eight ounces of aqua ammonia. One- 
half dram of the remedy should be injected in each 
nostril, the injections to be repeated if necessary, three 
times a day during the existence of the malady. Be- 
sides the treatments mentioned, the eyes of the infected 
animal should be treated with an eye water of mine, 
consisting of half a scruple of zinc sulphate and half 
a scruple of saltpeter in four ounces of distilled water, 
to be applied three times a day every day for several 
days. The aflflicted horse should be kept on soft feed 
and should not be worked until it has entirely recov- 
ered. It should also be separated from other animals. 

A substitute for this eye water is made of half an 
ounce of tincture of opium, a scruple of sulphate of zinc, 
and a scruple of saltpeter in eight ounces of distilled 
water. This last is also an excellent remedy for other 
diseases of the horse's eyes. Inflammation of the eye is 
frequently caused from injury or otherwise produced. 
The treatment is to bleed by cutting at the intersection 
of the two veins that cross about two and one-half 
inches below the eye. To do this, use a very sharp knife 
or lancet lengthways with the vein. Make a very small 
incision and a very slight one. Allow only a table- 
spoonful of blood to escape. To stop this flow press a 
silver dollar coin firmly against the wound until the 
blood has ceased flowing and for some moments there- 
after. If the wound has been made larger than can 
be stopped with the silver coin, insert two pins one 



30 The Health of 

above and the other below the artery cut. They should 
be drawn close together, closing the cut by means of a 
horse hair wrapped about the two pins. Great caution 
should be taken not to cut and make an incision larger 
than absolutely necessary. 

After bleeding administer an eye water consisting 
of one-half of a scruple of zinc sulphate, and one-half 
a scruple of saltpeter in four ounces of distilled water. 
This is to be applied in the eye as often as is necessary. 
A splendid substitute for this eye water is another of my 
own. It is composed of half an ounce of tincture of 
opium, one scruple of zinc sulphate and one scruple of 
saltpeter in eight ounces of distilled water. It is to be 
applied two or three times a day, or as often and as 
long as necessary, also in the eye. • 

Fistula — Fistulas form on several parts of the 
animal, one of the most frequent of such formations 
locating on the withers. This species of the disease 
is from bruises on the shoulder generally produced by 
the collar, which cause the withers to swell. It is 
accompanied by fever at its first appearance. After 
remaining for some time, pipes or passages are formed 
through which a discharge of pus flows. As the disease 
continues it becomes progressively aggravated, for 
which reason it should receive attention and treatment 
as soon as possible after discovery. When taken in 
hand in its incipiency and before the formation and 
outbreak of pus takes place, and to prevent which, the 
first treatment is to be given, to effect a cure. This 
first remedy is an external application of one ounce of 
croton oil, two ounces of olive oil, two ounces of spirits 



Horses, Cattle and Swine 31 

of turpentine, and three ounces of aqua ammonia. 
These are to be mixed thoroughly before using and so as 
to form a liniment. Before application all below the 
affected parts all the way from the shoulder to the feet 
of the front legs, should be well greased to prevent the 
liniment causing the loss of hair. The liniment should 
then be put on once a day for three successive days. 
After the third application grease and keep the affected 
parts greased. Continued applications must be made 
if the first ones do not prove effective. 

Always this should be done before the pus forms. 
After it has formed it will be necessary for it to escape 
which it will through the pipes, or tubes formed by 
the disease for such discharge. It will be necessary to 
wait for the discharge after the pus has formed, in 
order to locate the tubes. No artificial opening should 
be made with a knife or with any kind of instrument. 
If such opening is made an unnecessary cavity will be 
formed and sore made. After the pus breaks through 
and the openings are located a probe should be passed 
to the ulterior of every tube or pipe. Having thus 
explored the tube or tubes to their inner extremities 
make capsules containing two grains of corrosive subli- 
mate which should be inserted into and with the same 
probe pushed to those bottoms. This must be done to 
every pipe of discharge developed or discovered. The 
effects will be the expulsion of the pipes and curing and 
closing the passages. 

When this is done and meanwhile the wound at 
the surface and wherever open should be sterilized and 
kept clean by repeated washings with disinfectants, such 
are indicated under that heading. The next remedy is 



32 The Health of 

a liniment to be applied where any of the openings have 
not been closed by the effects of the capsules. Fre- 
quently several of the holes or pipes connect. Wherever 
they do the capsule and the liniment remedies both 
should be applied. The liniment is made of one-half 
an ounce of corrosive sublimate, two ounces of spirits 
of camphor, three ounces of spirits of turpentine and 
one of oil of amber. This remedy should be injected 
until every opening closes and heals. 

A small sized syringe should be used for injecting 
this remedy. Previous to using the liniment remedy 
the parts below the fistula down the shoulder and fore- 
leg should be greased and kept greased so long as the 
injection remedy is being used. Where the parts are 
greatly inflamed yellow oipiment in one-grain capsules 
can be substituted for the two-grain corrosive subli- 
mate capsules. They are to be inserted similarly into 
the tubes with the same kind of probe. For washing 
the surface of the fistula apply Pearson's Creoline, one 
dram to half a gallon of water. 

Poll-Evil — This is another form of fistula. It is 
caused by bruises at the poll, or junction of the head 
and neck. Its symptoms are similar to fistulas on the 
withers. The treatment is exactly the same. Care 
must be taken to grease and keep the parts greased 
below the portion affected by the disease. Grease well 
all the way around the neck and for about a foot under 
the throat and under jaw. 

Fistulas Generally — Fistulas form on various por- 
tions of the horse's body. All of them are treated as 
above indicated. 



Horses, Cattle and Swine 33 

Founder — There are several different ways by 
which horses founder. Generally it results from over- 
eating or over-drinking while too hot, by standing in 
cold air after over-eating or over-heating by being rid- 
den or driven too hard. The symptoms are very great 
stiffness, the animal being averse to moving and only 
doing so when urged. The animal stands with its hind 
feet placed together and as far forward and as near the 
front feet as it can, so as to relieve the front limbs 
of the weight as much as possible. Water founder is 
one kind and grain founder is another kind, and there 
are road founder and chest founder. The latter form 
is acquired by the animal getting to growing or green 
wheat or other grain. Water and grain founder are 
similarly treated, their treatment being by giving two 
ounces of oil of sassafras in a pint of water as a drench. 
Let the animal stand three or four hours in water, 
neither too warm nor too cold. This removes the effects 
of the disease from the feet. If the horse has fever 
give it from fifteen to twenty drops of tincture of acon- 
ite on the tongue, every three or four hours, as long 
as the fever lasts. 

If it is not better in twenty-four hours repeat the 
sassafras remedy. If it still remains stiff, keep it in or 
put back in water. If it needs a laxative I would sug- 
gest an ounce of extract of aloes and an ounce of extract 
of rhubarb, both in a half pint of water as a drench. 
Do not use oils because they aggravate fever. 

Road Founder — This sort of founder is generally 
caused by hard driving, or riding of barefoot horses over 
hard roads. Its symptoms are similar to the previously 



34 The Health of 

mentioned form of founder. It is treated with a drench 
composed of one tablespoonful of alum in one pint of 
water, repeated after three hours. Then stand the horse 
in water three or four hours to take the fever from the 
feet. If the fever is high treat it with tincture of aconite 
to an amount not exceeding twenty drops placed on 
the tongue, every three or four hours as long as the 
fever lasts. 

Chest Founder — This is a species of founder 
caused by the animal eating green corn, wheat or other 
grain in sufficient quantities to cause swelling of the 
stomach and inflammation of the chest. The horse 
belches sour gases and it sometimes scours. It is also 
somewhat stiff, but not so much as in some other foun- 
der forms. The treatment is a drench of two ounces of 
extract of aloes in a pint of water. Twenty minutes 
after, give it a drench of one ounce of sulphuric ether, 
one ounce of sweet spirits of nitre, and one ounce of 
tincture of Jamaica ginger, in a half pint of water. If 
the horse scours too much give it a drench, also, of 
two ounces of powdered sub-nitrate of bismuth in a 
pint of water. 

Farcy — This is caused by the animal after being 
overheated going suddenly into cold water and also 
by overheating while the blood is out of proper con- 
dition. It is a swelling under the belly, extending to 
the chest. A watery, or dropsical formation accumu- 
lates under the wall of the stomach and between it and 
the animal's hide. Its treatment is by making incisions 
in the skin about six inches apart all along the swollen 



Horses, Catti^e and Swine 35 

area. Care should be exercised to avoid puncturing any 
vein. The incisions should be made with a sharp lancet 
or small knife. Their length should not exceed the 
width of the blade of the instrument used and only 
deep enough to pierce through the skin and not to ex- 
tend deeper than a quarter to half an inch. These inci- 
sions will release a yellowish, gluey liquid, sometimes 
bloody. The treatment for this disease is externally 
with a liniment consisting of one ounce of corrosive 
sublimate, four ounces of spirits of camphor, two 
ounces of oil of amber, and the balance of a quart of 
spirits of turpentine, to be applied twice a day, or night 
and morning, until the swelling subsides, the horse being 
permitted to enjoy rest during the treatment. My 
General Condition Powders, elsewhere described, are 
the internal remedy to be used as indicated in connec- 
tion with their mention. 

Glanders — This is an incurable, highly contagious 
and very dangerous malady to which the human family 
should not, except unavoidably, be exposed. It is one 
that I do not care to treat of, or even speak of other- 
wise than to advise the immediate sending for a 
state veterinarian and inspector and reporting the 
trouble to him as soon as it is discovered. The animal, 
immediately on indication of the affliction being noticed, 
should be separated from all other animals of whatso- 
ever kind. When destroyed the carcass should at once 
be incinerated completely to reduction to ashes and 
burial of all remains should follow. Proper and thor- 
oughly effective disinfectant measures, as defined by law 
and common sense, should at once be pursued. Per- 
sonally I would not attend to such cases. 



36 The Health o^ 

Gravel — This results from kidney trouble. The 
gravel stones form in the bladder. The symptoms are 
interference with the flow of urine and straining by 
the animal in expelling the water. To be relieved and 
removed the gravel must be absorbed. To effect this 
two ounces of fluid extract of buchu, two ounces of 
fluid extract of dandelion, two ounces of sweet spirits of 
nitre and one and one-half drams of fluid extract of 
belladonna thoroughly mixed and given in two-ounce 
doses in a pint of water as a drench, should be given 
at six-hour intervals. 

Heaves — Heaves is an inflammation of the throat 
and lungs. It is caused by inhalation of dust and lime 
and also from feeding on dusty and musty food, also 
over pulling on a full stomach. Its symptoms are: Pant- 
ing, shortage of breath, coughing, hacking and drawing 
in or bellows action of the flanks. To be cured it must 
be taken in hand at first appearance. If neglected only 
temporary relief can be secured. The treatment is two 
ounces of elecanipane, two ounces of powdered aconite, 
two ounces of lobelia, two ounces of licorice root, pul- 
verized, two ounces of tartar emetic, one-half ounce of 
powdered arsenic, all mixed in three pounds of flaxseed 
meal. The dose is one tablespoonful at night and in 
the morning, placed in wet food, the sufferer being kept 
from hay or other dry forage during the treatment until 
it recovers. For relief, but not permanent cure, equal 
parts of Fowler's solution of arsenic and tincture of 
iron, the dose being one dram in wet food, or injected 
in the mouth with a syringe as indicated. The animal 
never at any time should be given musty or mouldy 



Horses, Cattle and Swine 



37 



food. In fact, no animal at any time should ever be 
given such food. 

Another excellent remedy for heaves is eight 
ounces of sodium sulphate, eight ounces of elecampane, 
eight ounces of lobeha, two ounces of nux vomica, four 
ounces of fenugreek, four ounces of gentian root, one 
ounce of tartar emetic, two ounces of saltpeter and one 
pound of flaxseed meal. The dose is a tablespoonful 
three times a day in soft feed. 

Hide Bound — This is contraction of the skin, or 
hide, over the entire frame. Its general causes are bad 
teeth, poor feed, abuse and exposure, lack of food, and 
sometimes worms. The only treatment for hide bound 
animals that I would recommend is my own remedy. 
Sells' General Condition Powders, made of two ounces 
of sub-carbonate of iron, two ounces of powdered acon- 
ite, two ounces of powdered gentian root, two ounces 
of 'fenugreek, two ounces of nux vomica, two ounces 
of cream of tartar, two ounces of ginger root powdered, 
and two ounces of saltpeter, all mixed with three pounds 
of flaxseed meal, the dose being a tablespoonful three 
times a day in feed until a cure has resulted. 

HOOF DISEASES 
Hoof Evil or Thrush is a disease of the foot or 
hoof. It is usually caused by the animal standing too 
long in dirty stalls. It is also produced by the shoes 
being kept too long on the horse, or the shoes being 
off too long and the frog pressing too long on the 
ground. The symptoms are contraction of the hoof 
and frequently a very offensive mucous discharge. The 



38 The HEAI.TH OE 

treatment is a liniment made of two ounces of spirits 
of camphor, one-half an ounce of corrosive sublimate, 
four ounces of olive oil and spirits of turpentine suffi- 
cient to make one pint. It is applied by lifting the old 
frog up and permitting the liniment to penetrate the 
part around the frog. 

After hoof evil or thrush has been treated as afore- 
mentioned, a hoof liniment made of equal parts of 
oil of tar and spirits of turpentine and neatsfoot oil, in 
any quantity desired, usually a pint, is used at the bot- 
tom and above and around the foot. Its purpose is to 
expand the foot when contracted, and to ease it. It is 
to be applied once daily until the hoof has been re- 
stored to normal condition. This same remedy is ser- 
viceable in grease heel effects on the hoof and is applied 
after the remedy for that malady has been administered. 

Grease Heel — It is a disease of the hoof located 
around and above the hoof and extending up the leg, 
sometimes to or nearly to the hock joint. It is a 
swelling and a leakage from beneath the skin from 
which a very offensive mucuous watery discharge 
escapes. The same remedy for hoof evil or thrush is 
applicable, the application being made above and per- 
mitted to run down into the affected parts. 

Jack Sores — These are sores on jacks that are re- 
sults from such animals standing in dirty stalls, lack 
of proper and sufficient exercise, thrush and other dis- 
turbances of the feet, as well as causes that produce 
stagnation of the blood and poison it. Flies also con- 
tribute considerably and frequently to causing this mal- 



Horses, Cattle: and Swine 39 

ady. The poison secreted and accumulated in the jack's 
system seeks outlet through the skin, which it infects, 
forming sores thereon. Internal treatment for the 
blood impurities is four ounces of iodide of potassium 
in a pint of water. It is administered in doses of two 
drams each, administering being done with a syringe of 
that capacity, the injections being given in the mouth. 
This medicine is so given until the entire quantity is 
exhausted, unless the jack begins to slobber, when its 
use is to be suspended for a period of ten days. The 
external treatment is a liniment of two ounces of croton 
oil, two ounces of spirits of turpentine, two ounces of 
aqua ammonia and two ounces of olive oil, which is to 
be applied to the sores until they disappear. 

General Condition Powders of mine can also be 
given in the food, according to the directions on the 
package. 

Kidney Troubles — Troubles of the kidneys are pro- 
duced by different causes. Some result from the ani- 
mals slipping, or straining from over-loading, bad food 
and water, as well as numerous other causes. The gen- 
eral treatment is given as a drench containing two 
ounces of fluid extract of buchu, two ounces of extract 
of dandelion, and two ounces of sweet spirits of nitre 
in a pint of water. It is administered at intervals of 
twelve hours. As a substitute for the liquid a powder 
remedy equally efficacious can be given in the animal's 
food. It is formed of two ounces of buchu leaves, 
four ounces of ground juniper berries, one ounce of 
saltpeter, and two ounces of sub-carbonate of iron, 
mixed with a pound of flaxseed meal. The dose is a 
tablespoonful three times a day as long as desirable. 



40 The: Hkai^th o? 

Kidney trouble involving the stem of the bladder 
is caused by strain, bad feed, and overloading. The 
treatment for it is one ounce of tincture of opium and 
half a dram of fluid extract of belladonna in water, as a 
drench. 

Lampas — This is a disease inflaming and swelling 
the roof of the animal's mouth just back of the front 
teeth. It is sometimes called Lampers. It is most 
prevalent with colts before they have shed their front 
teeth. With a colt the treatment before it has shed 
those teeth is by bleeding the roof of the mouth in front 
of the third bar. This is done with a very sharp knife, 
or lancet, incisions being only sufficient to draw blood 
and should, therefore, be very slight. After the colt 
sheds his front teeth the lampas are very apt to dis- 
appear. Before they do, the bleeding is resorted 
to as a temporary relief. In old horses the disease is 
caused by sharp teeth or diseased and defective teeth. 
Removal of the defective and smoothing the sharpened 
teeth is the permanent cure. Temporary relief is se- 
cured in the same way as with the young animals. Lam- 
pas should never be burned, because burning injures 
the horse and ruins its teeth. It is not only unnecessary 
but inhuman and subjects the animal to a torture it does 
not deserve and one of no benefit to it. 

Lockjaw — This is a very serious disease and fre- 
quently fatal. It is often caused by the animal stepping 
on a nail that remains in the foot until discovered and 
removed. It can be caused by almost any prick on any 
nerve in any part of the body. It is also caused by 
driving a barefoot animal too long without water. Mares 



HoRSEis, Cattle and Swine 41 

with suckling colts, whose udders become too full when 
kept from their colts are subject to it. They should 
be milked out when kept from their colts. After effects 
from castration sometimes cause it. If caused by a nail 
the first thing to be done is to remove the nail, or any 
other object causing it. Then the animal should be 
quieted. It is to be done by hypodermically injecting 
into the side of the neck six grains of morphine dissolved 
in a dram of water. The entire quantity is to be in- 
jected at one time. Commencing on the top of the 
head cool the brain by pouring ice water, or very cold 
water, just over the brain. Spray the entire body with 
cold water until the muscles relax. If it is possible to 
do so, stand the animal in water that is cold and keep it 
so standing until relaxation occurs. In case the mor- 
phine remedy does not quiet the horse in two hours and 
its muscles do not relax within that time, inject in the 
side of the neck under the skin, three grains of morphine 
dissolved in half a dram of water. If after the second 
dose of the morphine the horse does not relax, it will 
then be necessary to give equal parts of chloroform and 
sulphuric ether, as an inhalation, by saturating a sponge 
with it, placing the sponge in a nose-bag or sack and 
put the horse's nose into it so it will be bound to breathe 
and inhale the fumes. If the horse shows weakness, or 
staggers, take off the sack. This treatment is the most 
successful. I have used it many times. The wound 
which has caused the trouble, wherever located, should 
be steriHzed and kept clean. This can be done by the 
use of peroxide of hydrogen. Pearson's Creoline is a 
disinfectant for dressing and keeping the wound clean 
after the peroxide has been used. 



42 The: Health of 

Liniments — For any inflammation of muscles or 
cords relief is obtained by my liniment for such trouble. 
It consists of two ounces of chloroform, two ounces of 
aqua ammonia, two ounces of spirits of camphor and 
two ounces of olive oil well mixed and applied at any 
time when needed. 

Liniment for Enlargements — For removal of en- 
largements, such as those of capped hocks, shoe boils, 
or bone enlargements of any kind, my remedy is one 
ounce of croton oil, two ouncas of turpentine, two 
ounces of olive oil, two ounces of spirits of camphor, 
which is to be applied once a day for five consecutive 
days to the aflfected part by rubbing. It can, if desired, 
be repeated after an interval of five days. The parts 
should be greased after it has been used. 

This remedy is to be used in Sweeny, which is an 
atrophy of the muscles of the shoulder, or any other 
muscles of the animal, it being a perishing of the part 
or shrinkage thereof. It is usually caused by bruises or 
other injuries from the collar of the harness, or other- 
wise. This remedy is to be applied once a week, the 
part aflfected to be greased afterwards. The remedy 
is to be repeated, if needed, at weekly intervals. 
Sweeny can be treated hypodermically with another 
kind of remedy or liniment. It consists of equal parts 
of spirits of turpentine and olive oil. Take a one- 
dram syringe and inject under the skin five drops pro- 
miscuously about five inches apart all over the part 
aflfected. It is seldom necessary to be used more than 
once. It is sometimes necessary, where pus forms, to 
make an incision through the hide and lower extremity 
of the injury. 



Horses, C attire: and Swine 43 

Lice — Horses often become afflicted by the pres- 
ence of these parasites. To remove and destroy lice 
take four ounces of oil of sassafras and one gallon of 
warm water. Commencing at the animal's head cover 
the entire skin surface of the horse. After having done 
this, grease around the eyes and nostrils. If there are 
any lice left alive they will go to the eyes and nose 
for water. The grease they will encounter will stop 
them and they will become stuck in it. This will enable 
their being plainly seen. One dose of this application 
is usually sufficient, but if necessary, it can be repeated. 

Loco — This is a disease caused by the animal eat- 
ing a green weed called *'loco," which grows in some 
countries. It grows from six inches to a foot high, has 
leaves somewhat like a squirrel's ear and the leaves are 
very thick. This weed has a pink blossom. After the 
bloom a pod of peas form. The disease produces a 
delirium. The animal becomes very fond of the weed, 
preferring it to any other food. It leaves grass to 
hunt for the "loco" weed. As soon as it is ascertained 
that an animal is eating 'loco" weed, it should be taken 
off the range, kept up and fed on entirely different food 
that is not mixed in any way with it. If a horse is given 
grain daily it is not apt to be affected by the ''loco." Its 
effect is generally produced by the horse feeding entirely 
on it. The disease in its early stages can be cured. It 
can be prevented by taking the animal away from the 
weed causing it and keeping it away. It is incurable and 
causes death where the animal is permitted to be sus- 
tained entirely on it. The medical remedy for it is one 
ounce of spirits of ammonia mixed with one quart of 
warmed lard, or linseed oil, the entire quantity to be 



44 The HEAI.TH OE 

administered as a drench. If the animal is not cured 
with a single dose, an interval of ten days should pass 
by before the next dose is given. This treatment should 
be kept up at such ten-day intervals, until an entire cure 
if possible is effected, or it is discovered that the case 
is incurable. 

Lucorhea or Whites, is a disease of the mare's 
sexual organ. From it is discharged a white or yellow 
mucous, frequently very offensive. It often causes 
considerable weakness of the animal. The treatment is 
a powder of Oregon grape-root, a half a pound given in 
doses of a tablespoonful in ground food once a day 
until a cure is obtained. 

Lump-Jaw — It is a swelling on the upper or the 
lower jaw bone. It is generally caused from decayed 
or defective teeth, but often from injury. Where it 
is caused by a tooth or teeth, it or they should be 
extracted. If an abscess has been formed and has 
broken it is to be treated first by probing the channel 
of the abscess, after which take a stick of lunar caustic 
and press it to the bottom of the opening, and repeat 
at ten day intervals until a cure has been effected. 
Before the abscess breaks, apply my spavin blister to 
the exterior of the injury, or on the outside of the jaw, 
being careful to grease all over the jaw and particularly 
below, before applying the blister, which should not 
be used over five times. The lumps are rather slow 
to disappear. The sore and surrounding parts should 
be kept greased to prevent scarring the animal. 

Lung Fever, or Pneumonia — This is caused 
generally by the horse catching a cold in the spring 



Horses, Catti^e and Swine 45 

or fall of the year. It is brought on by sudden chilling 
after the animal has been overheated. The horse 
breaks out in a clammy sweat. Its legs and ears are 
cold. It droops its ears, seldom ottering to lie down. 
Fever always follows the chill. To break the chill, 
which is the first thing to be done, apply four ounces 
of mustard mixed in the balance of a quart of turpentine 
on the breast, back of the forelegs and coupling. After 
the remedy has been applied the horse will be very 
fretful for ten minutes. When it becomes calm, and 
before the fever sets in, the animal should be covered 
with a blanket. The spots where the medicine has been 
applied should be covered with grease or light oil, to 
prevent loss of hair. After the chill has thus been 
broken, it becomes necessary to begin with the treat- 
ment for the fever. This is done by giving the horse 
twenty drops of tincture of aconite on the tongue. 
This can be repeated at intervals of an hour until the 
fever stops or the horse begins to slobber. It is time 
to stop giving the aconite when the horse slobbers. 
If the fever has not ceased after the horse slobbers 
do not repeat the aconite until a three hour period has 
elapsed, decreasing the dose to ten to fifteen drops. 
In case of relapse, treat chill and fever as first indicated. 
If the animal is greatly distressed from the lungs after 
the first treatment, give one dram of gum camphor 
rubbed fine in four ounces of olive oil as a drench. 
This, if necessary, can be repeated at an interval of four 
hours. The animal should be kept in a clean and 
comfortable place that is neither too hot nor too cold. 
It should be given water with the chill taken off, or 
tepid water. It should only be fed on soft food. It 
should never be bled nor given severe purgatives for 



46 The Heai^th of 

this disease. It should be kept from exposure to wet 
weather and given rest for at least ten days after 
being cured. 

Mange, or Itch — This is a breaking out of the 
skin on any part of the body, or all over it. It is a 
contagious disease, and infects the stalls and stables 
where an infected animal stays. The horse itches a 
great deal. To relieve itself, it rubs against any object 
it can form contact with. It is caused by germs forming 
in the skin at the surface. The treatment should be 
with the object of destroying the germs. The first 
thing to be done is to put half an ounce of corosive 
sublimate in four ounces of spirits of camphor with 
four ounces of turpentine in a bottle and shake well 
until all ingredients are thoroughly mixed. Take 
another bottle, a one-gallon one. Put in it four ounces 
of sulphur flour, two ounces of pulverized blue vitriol, 
and fiirthe bottle half full of coal oil. Pour from the 
first bottle into the gallon bottle the first ingredients, 
mixed. Having done this, fill the gallon bottle up with 
neatsfoot oil. Take a brush or cloth and apply the 
aggregate remedy on the entire surface of the infected 
animal's body. This seldom has to be done more 
than once, but sometimes another or several other 
applications may be needed. Repeat, if necessary, after 
ten days. This will destroy all the young germs as 
well as those originally destroyed. 

Proud Flesh — This is a fungus growth formed on 
an old wound. It is cured by equal parts of powdered 
sulphate of zinc and sugar of lead, which are to be 
mixed and applied on the wound. If the case is an 



Horses, Catti^e and Swine 47 

aggravated one and a rapid cure is desired, use yellow 
orpiment. Scratch off the scab and apply dry. This 
will cause the injury to disappear. 

Snake Bite — Bites by snakes and all poisonous 
reptiles or insects are to be treated with aqua amonia, 
but if there is none of that remedy at hand, coal oil 
or kerosene can be substituted. If the bite is on the 
face or head, usually the wound swells greatly, some- 
times closing the nostrils and causing suffocation. After 
using either of these remedies, keep pouring cold water 
on the wound on the head or wheresoever located, 
except on the lower leg or foot. If the animal is 
bitten on those parts, it can be led into and stood in 
cold water. It sometimes requires two days to take 
the swelling out. The ammonia, or coal oil, should be 
kept for at least half an hour on the bite. If it can 
be held there by means of a cloth or bandage on the 
wound, this would be preferable. If there be no flowing 
water on the premises, water may be placed in a barrel 
and permitted to flow through a hose. If there be 
flowing water, the water may be permitted to flow 
gently on the wound by means of the hose. 

Sore Neck — Several causes produce soreness of 
the horse's neck, but oftenest, collar boils are results 
of that sort. The best remedy is equal parts of sugar 
of lead and zinc sulphate finely powdered and mixed 
together. The sore should first be washed clean 
before this preparation is applied. It should be put 
on at night, allowed to remain on all night, and be 
brushed off next morning. The applications should 
be kept up daily until the disease disappears. Never 



48 The Health o^ 

use grease or oil on any kind of collar sore on a 
horse's neck, as the grease catches all of the dirt and 
aggravates the trouble. 

Tumors, or Set-Fasts — To remove tumors or set- 
fasts that have formed on the shoulders or back, or 
elsewhere on a horse, or any such growth anywhere 
about the animal, take a two-grain capsule and fill 
it with yellow orpiment. Make an incision into the 
tumor, or other object to be removed, and push the 
capsule to the bottom of it. Let it remain until the 
object dissolves and is removed. This usually follows 
within a few days. If it does not disappear within that 
time, repeat the capsule dose at weekly intervals until 
the object is removed or dissolves and disappears. 

Warts — These formations, of any size or kind, 
can be removed with my ointment of yellow orpiment, 
two drams to one ounce of vaseline, or fresh lard, the 
lard preferred. This is to be applied direct to the 
wart. The orpiment can be used dry as a powder. It 
should be properly applied and treated every five days 
until the wart has entirely disappeared. 

Another excellent remedy for warts or corns is 
one ounce of nitric acid and one ounce of quicksilver. 
They must be mixed in an uncorked open-mouthed 
bottle, else they will explode. The bottle should not 
be corked until the two liquids quit smoking and boiling. 
They should be mixed in the open air. They are to be 
applied with a feather or swab. Where this mixture is 
to be used in the horse's feet for corns, the places on 
the corn should be scarified and a few drops dropped 



J 



Horses, Catti^k and Swine 49 

into the cuts. This application has to be used several 
times at daily intervals until the desired cure is effected. 

Worms — Horses frequently suffer from worms. 
To remove them, use one ounce of tartar emetic, two 
ounces of powdered aloes, three ounces of ginger root, 
and an ounce of salt petre in a pound of flaxseed meal. 
The dose is one tablespoonful three times a day in 
feed. Another, or substitute remedy for ridding the 
horse of worms, is two ounces of fluid extract of 
pomegranate in half a pint of water used as a drench. 
Repeat if necessary. 

Screw- Worms — Screw-worms, or maggots, are 
best removed with chloroform injected into the hole 
below the flesh where the worms are deep under it. 
Apply with a syringe. Where the worms are near the 
surface, it can be applied with a piece of cotton 
saturated with chloroform. Repeat until all worms 
are destroyed. Treat the wounds with wire-cut medi- 
cine until they are cured. 

To Increase Speed — To sustain trotters and pacers, 
so that they will last through heats, the remedy to be 
given between each heat, and optional before the first 
heat, is two ounces of fluid extract of cocoa, two 
ounces of aqua ammonia, and three ounces of whisky, 
the dose being one ounce as a drench in half a pint of 
water. 

For running horses only, there are two remedies. 
The first is twenty-five grains of cocaine, four ounces 
of acetic acid and four ounces of rose water, the dose 



50 The Health of 

being forty drops injected with a hypodermic needle 
under the skin of the neck. The other remedy, simi- 
larly injected, is five grains of cocaine, one-half a grain 
of morphine, one-half a grain of strychnine, and forty 
drops of distilled water, all administered at a single 
dose. Neither of these two remedies should be given 
to trotting or pacing horses. It is very important to 
remember this. 

Urinary Discharge — To check the too free dis- 
charge of urine, use one ounce of spirits of camphor, 
two ounces of alum, two ounces of white-oak bark, 
eight ounces of juniper berries, and one pound of flax- 
seed meal. Give a tablespoonful three times a day 
in feed. 



Horses, Cattle and Swine 51 



CHAPTER III 

DENTISTRY 

To enable the horse to properly masticate, or 
chew, and mascerate its food, the animal's teeth should 
be cared for properly. This is essential to the digestion 
and assimilation of its food and therefore to its health 
and well-being, and for it to secure and maintain its 
strength and energy. Unfortunately many owners of 
very valuable animals neglect their horses' teeth, which 
should always be given attention. Many evils result 
from such neglect, among them diseases and disorders 
of the stomach and digestive apparatus. Malnutrition 
always is produced from improper mastication of food. 

Diseased teeth should either be saved by proper 
dentistry, or where too badly decayed should be drawn. 
The horse is subject to toothache, which causes it 
intense pain and renders it unfit for service. Humanity 
demands and economy requires the removal of such 
teeth as soon as it is discovered that the animal is 
suflFering from their aching. 

In all cases where the teeth of a horse need atten- 
tion, it is best to employ a veterinary dental surgeon, 
as very few owners of horses understand dentistry or 
have the appliances necessary for removing decayed 
horse teeth. 



52 The Health o^ 

TO DESTROY AN ANIMAL 

Where a horse, or other animal, is to be destroyed, 
and it is impossible to shoot the animal, use one dram 
of prussic acid put on the back part of the tongue. It 
can be administered while the horse is down. If it is 
standing it is best to have the person administering it 
stand in front of the animal instead of at its side, as 
the action is so instantaneous that the animal is apt 
to fall on the one giving it the dose. It is really prefer- 
able to give prussic acid to shooting, as the best shot 
cannot kill the animal outright, and it will suffer from 
pain for some moments when shot, while it does not 
from prussic acid, which produces immediate paralysis. 
Its heart may beat for two minutes, but it does not 
suffer after the dose is given. 



Horses, CattIvK and Swine 53 



CHAPTER IV 

PULSE 

Pulsation of the horse normally is that of from 
38 to 42 beats per minute, that of the young animal 
being 42 beats. 

The pulse of the cow runs from 40 to 45 beats 
normally. 

The pulse of either animal can be felt with the 
finger, by placing it on the large artery on the lower 
jaw. The pulse of an animal may run high and the 
animal recover. But the temperature's range should 
not be allowed to go much above normal, where it 
is possible to prevent its going up. 

The normal temperature of a horse is 99 degrees 
Fahrenheit. If it ever goes to 110 degrees, the horse 
dies. 

Normal temperature of the cow is 100 to 101 
degrees Fahrenheit. 

The temperature of the horse and the cow should 
be taken by inserting the thermometer in the animal's 
rectum. 



54 The Health oi^ 

Temperature is controlled by aconite. Give from 
fifteen to twenty drops on the tongue until the tempera- 
ture drops back to normal. 

Where the heart-beat and action is below normal, 
it can be restored by giving one dram of Fowler's solu- 
tion of arsenic on the tongue with a syringe. Instead, 
if desirable, inject under the skin at the side of the 
neck one dram of extract of digitalis. 

In all cases where remedies are given any animal 
by injecting on the tongue squirt the remedy as far 
back as possible. 



Horses, Cattle and Swine 55 



CHAPTER V 

DOSE REGULATIONS— FOR HORSES 

In all of the doses I have mentioned in this portion 
of the book that relates to treatment of horses, 1 have 
indicated the quantity for an adult, or full grown animal. 
The doses, however, should be proportionate to the 
ages of the animals. A colt up to two years of age 
should be given only one-fourth of the amount of a 
dose for a full grown animal. A two-year-old should 
be given half as much as a full grown and a three to 
four-year-old should only be given three-fourths as 
much as the adult's full dose. 



CATTLE DOSES 

The general dose for cattle is larger, usually, than 
for horses, but the proportions of such larger doses are 
the same for cattle as the proportions of them are for 
horses. These are 25 per cent of the dose for full 
growns to be given to calves, or yearhngs. The two- 
year-olds should have 5o per cent of the quantity 
prescribed for the adults, while three and four-year-old 
cattle should be given 75 per cent of the dose for the 
full grown cattle. 



56 The Health of 

DOSES FOR HOGS 

In the doses in slop for hogs, the proportion 
of the remedies I have mentioned should be a tea- 
spoonful for each ten hogs. This can be put in each 
five gallons of swill. This applies to hogs of all ages. 
Pigs will only eat or drink the slop in proportion to 
their sizes. The slop containing the remedy should be 
thoroughly stirred and permitted to stand for twelve 
hours, to enable it to thoroughly dissolve. 



Horses, Cattle and Swine 67 



CHAPTER VI 

CATTLE 

Their Importance to Mankind — the Diseases They 

Suffer From and the Remedies to Be 

Applied Therefor 

Of as much benefit to mankind, if not more than 
the horse, is the cow species. The cattle family 
furnish man food while the animal is alive, this food 
being- milk and butter. Its flesh, after the animal has 
been slaughtered, is eaten and gives sustenance and 
strength to the human. Sometimes, but seldom of 
recent years, it is a servant in the field, pulling a plow, 
harrow, or scraper. Oxen sometimes are employed as 
draft animals yoked in pairs for hauling heavily laden 
wagons over rough and difficult roads. 

It is, therefore, of very great importance to care 
for the health and general welfare of this valuable 
species of domestic animal family. 

Cattle are subject to many diseases, some of which 
are similar to those from which the horse suffers. 

Fortunately, cattle do not have as many diseases 
as horses do. In this book I intend to only mention 
a few of the principal and most important ones that 
they are subject to. 



58 The Health of 

Fevers — Most kinds of cattle fevers are thus 
treated: Mix thirty drops of tincture of aconite, sixty 
drops of cinchona, and sixty drops of extract of bella- 
donna in half a pint of water and use as a drench, to 
be repeated if necessary. For relaxation of bowels 
give one pound of flaxseed mixed in a quart of hot 
water as a drench. 

Milk-Fever — In cows, this disease is commonly 
caused from neglecting to thoroughly cleanse the 
female immediately after calving. Sometimes it is 
caused by large quantities of milk remaining too long 
in their udders before the animals freshen. Generally, 
cows that have had two or more calves, should be 
milked out before coming in. This fever is worse in 
the spring and summer, when green feed is plentiful, 
than it is in winter, or when the cow is on dry feed. 
When you commence to treat your cow see that she 
has been cleansed. If she has not been she will strain 
and this will indicate she needs being cleansed. To 
do so inject half an ounce of Pearson's Creoline mixed 
with two gallons of warm water into the vagina, or 
birthplace. Wash the sack, or udder, three times a 
day with warm water, and apply a liniment consisting 
of four ounces of tincture of arnica, four ounces of 
witch-hazel, six ounces of spirits of camphor, one ounce 
of tincture of iodine and one ounce of olive oil mixed 
together and ready for use, on the udder. 

Where this mixture cannot be had, use lard, coal 
oil and camphor spirits in equal parts and apply this 
remedy on the bag. 



HoRSKS, Cattle and Swine 59 

Teat Tumors — Cows are subject to tumors, or 
groggy teats, which become very painful to the animal 
and very sore. They also obstruct the flow of milk 
from the udder and should be given early attention. 
The treatment for this trouble is to remove the accumu- 
lated milk by the use of a milk syphon. After having 
done so, use a pair of very slender forceps, and with 
them remove the tumor. After it has been removed, 
use the liniment mentioned in connection with milk 
fever, applying it as directed therein. 

Bloating in Cattle — Cattle suffering from bloating 
endure great pain and the left side is swollen. The 
cow grits its teeth. Its nose is dry and feverish. 
Fermentation may set in and worse conditions occur. 
The treatment where the gas has formed is to remove 
it by the use of the trocar, which is to be inserted on 
the left side between the lower point of the hip and 
the last rib. The trocar used for cattle is larger than 
that used for tapping horses. 

If the food is too coarse to pass through the trocar, 
to move it out cut the hole large enough to take out 
the accumulated mass through the side where the 
tapping is done. I use a smooth No. 10 wire two and 
half feet long. Bend it in the middle so it is half 
the length. Then I turn a hook at the middle, one 
inch or more. With it you can rake out the obstructing 
food. Do not sew the wound up. In proper time it 
will heal of itself and close up. 

Keep the wound clean and use one ounce of Pear- 
son's CreoHne to one quart of water. After the bloat 



60 The Health of 

is out and if medicine is to be used, give two quarts 
of raw lard, or two pounds of salts in three pints of 
water, but very often, after tapping, no medicine is 
required. 

Cough — For a cough caused by the cow eating 
dirty or musty food, give one dram of equal parts 
of Fowler's solution of arsenic and tincture of iron by 
injection in the mouth with a one dram syringe night 
and morning. 

Lumpjaw — In cattle, lumpjaw is produced in 
different ways. Bad teeth is one cause, while another 
is bruises or other injuries inflicted on the jaw. If 
the disease is the result of the animal having decayed 
teeth or defective ones, they must be extracted before 
any other remedy is applied. Where the lump has 
been formed, but has not broken and pus begun to 
discharge, use my Bone Spavin Blister indicated for 
horses. If it has broken and the discharge has begun 
to flow, use a two-grain capsule of yellow orpiment, 
which takes away the enlargement. The same cure 
for the wound that I use as a liniment for wire cuts 
in horses, and so applied, is the one I use for the wound 
of cattle having lumpjaw. 

Pink-Eye — In cattle, for pink-eye, give sixty drops 
of extract of belladonna and thirty drops of aconite on 
the tongue. Then use as an injection in the nostrils 
with a dram syringe in each nostril Sells' Stagger Medi- 
cine. Do not hold the animal's head sufficiently high 
to cause the remedy to run down the animal's throat. 
For treatment of the eyes, take one scruple of zinc 



Horses, Cattle and Swine 61 

sulphate and one scruple of salt petre, and dissolve in 
eight ounces of distilled water and apply to the eyes 
two or three times a day. By so doing you will get the 
desired result. 



62 The HEAI.TH o^ 



CHAPTER VII 
DISEASES OF HOGS 

I have had a great deal of experience both in 
treating sick swine for others and raising them for 
myself. My own herd has numbered all the way 
from 150 to 300, and I have seldom lost any of them. 
I have been able to prevent infection by properly safe- 
guarding against it through cleanliness. Naturally, the 
hog is a filthy animal, but if properly cared for it can 
be kept reasonably clean. It pays, too, to keep it so. 
It by all means should have a clean pen when it is to 
be kept in one. 

Next, great attention should be given to feeding 
it to prevent diseases. To do this the most desirable 
food for swine is green feed, as much as possible. Both 
for health and profitable nourishment, I believe strongly 
in alfalfa and plenty of it to feed on. There are many 
other good foods for hogs. 

As far as it is possible to do so, the little ones 
should be kept separate from the larger ones. This 
mainly can be done by having separate pens which the 
small ones can get in but the larger ones cannot. This 
will prevent them feeding together, which, to a consid- 
erable extent, will prevent disease. 



1 



Horses, Catti^e: and Swine 63 

I keep and recommend to all others having hogs 
the keeping of dry salt, sulphur and copperas mixed 
where the hogs can get to it and eat as much as they 
will. I also burn all bones, cobs, and wood, making 
a charcoal. I dry salt the charcoal and let them eat 
as much of it as they wish to eat. I also feed two 
tablespoonsful of powdered arsenic in a barrel of slop 
once a week, and one-half a box of merrie-war lye in 
one barrel of slop once a week, stirring it well. I give 
both the large and small hogs all of it that they will 
drink. 

Thumps — Sometimes hogs have thumps. When 
they do, I give ten drops of turpentine spirits to shoats 
weighing 100 pounds and twenty drops to grown hogs. 
I take the affected ones from the drove and put them 
where they can be treated separately when being 
attended to. They will not, while so affected, come 
up to feed, as they are more or less weak. Hence I 
look after them carefully until they are cured. 

I feed some grain all the time and full feed with 
grain when I am fattening my hogs and putting them in 
condition for the market. By so doing I get much 
better results. 



INDEX 



Page 

Abortion, or Miscarriage 10 

Anatomy of Horses 5 

Applications, Methods of 30, 42 

Antidotes for Aconite 45 

Antidotes for Snake Bites 47 

Antidotes for Other Poisons 24 

Author's Portrait 1 

Azoturia 9 

Bites of Poisonous Snakes, Insects, etc 47 

Birth, Assisting 11 

Bleeding of Horses, Method of 11 

Bleeding, to Stop 11 

Bleeding or Hemorrhage 11 

Bloating of Cattle, to Remove 59 

Bloating of Horses, to Remove 13 

Blood Poison 20 

Bones of Horses — See Anatomy 5 

Bone Spavin 15 

Bone, Side 17 

Bog Spavin 16 

Blood Spavin 16 

Cattle, Their Diseases and Treatment 5 7 

Canker, of Mouth or Tongue 25 

Carcass of Dead Animals; How to Dispose of Infected One 3 5 

Catarrh of Womb 21 

Choking 21 

Colic 14 

Colic, Spasmodic 22 

Colic, from Kaffir Corn 23 

Charcoal, to Make of Bones, Cobs, Wood, etc 63 

Cords and Muscles 24 

Corns, or Quittors 24 

Curbs 17 

Copyright 2 

Cough, in Cattle 60 

Cuts 26 



66 The Health of 

Condition Powders, General 25 

Condition Powders 26 

Diseases of Cattle 57 

Diseases of Horses 9 

Diseases of Hogs 62 

Dentistry 5l 

Distemper 27 

Disinfection 26 

Dislocation 27 

Dose Regulations for Cattle 55 

Dose Regulations for Horses 55 

Dose Regulations for Hogs 56 

Drenches 9 

Farcy 34 

Foreword 3 

Fistulas 32 

Fistula, Poll-Evil Form 32 

Fistulas on Withers 30 

Feet, or Hoofs 37 

Founder 33 

Founder, Chest 34 

Founder, Grain 33 

Founder, Road 33 

Founder, Water 33 

Frog, Disease of 37 

Fungus Growths 46 

Fevers 58 

Fever, Lung, or Pneumonia 44 

Glanders 35 

Gravel 36 

Grease Heel 38 

Heaves 36 

Hock 15 

Hoof, or Foot 37 

Hoof Evil, or Thrush 37 

Horses, Diseases of 9 

Horses, Anatomy of 5 

Heats, Trotting and Pacing Animals; To Sustain Them 

Through 49 

Hide Bound 37 

Impaction 14 

Intestines 7 

Injections 14 

Injections, in Nose 19 

Injections, in Mouth . 36 

Injections, in Rectum 14 

Injections, in Neck 41 

Injections, Hypodermic 41 



■ 



Horses, Cattle and Swine 67 



Jack Sores 38 

Kaffir Corn Colic 23 

Knots, Surgeons' 12 

Knots, to Tie Threads to Stop Bleeding 12 

Kidney Troubles 39 

Killing an Animal; Best to Destroy with Prussic Acid 52 

Lampas, or Lampers 40 

Liniments 42 

Lock Jaw 40 

Lump Jaw in Cattle 60 

Lump Jaw in Horses 44 

Lice on Horses 43 

Loco in Horses 43 

Loco Weed 43 

Legs of Horses — See Anatomy . 6 

Lucorhea 44 

Lung Fever 44 

Mange 46 

Methods of Treatment, By Washes 26 

Milk Fever 58 

Neck, Injections Hypodermically in 41 

Neck, Sore 47 

Organs, Vital 7 

Pink Eye, in Cattle 60 

Pink Eye, in Horses 28 

Poll Evil — A Form of Fistula 32 

Poisons from Aconite 45 

Poisoning from Kaffir Corn 23 

Poison from Bites of Snakes, Insects, etc 47 

Pneumonia, or Lung Fever 44 

Proud Flesh 46 

Pulse, of Horses; Normal and Fever S3 

Pulse, of Cattle; Normal and Fever 53 

Pulse, How to Find 53 

Pulse, How to Feel 53 

Quittors, or Corns 24 

Race Horses, How to Increase Their Speed 49 

Ring Bone 16 

Sweeny 42 

Screw Worms 49 

Side Bone 17 

Spavin, Bone l5 

Spavin, Blood 16 

Spavin, Bog 16 

Splints 17 

Staggers, Blind 18 

Staggers, Sleepy 20 

Stomach, Anatomy of 7 



stomach, Impaction of 14 

Swine 62 

Speed, to Increase That of Running Horses in Races 49 

Teats 59 

Teats, Tumors 59 

Tumors 48 

Thrush, or Hoof Evil 37 

Thumps 63 

Temperature, of Cow; Normal and with Fever 53 

Temperature, of Horse; Normal and with Fever 53 

Temperature, Take with Thermometer in Rectum 53 

Urine, to Check Too Free Flowing of 50 

Veterinary, When to Send for 3 5 

Vital Organs 7 

Warts 48 

Weed, Loco 43 

Worms 49 

Womb, Catarrh of 21 

Wire Cuts 12 



^ 



